A review on technological advances and challenges in aquaponics systems

Food security and sustainability have always been a high priority for many countries. Urban farming has outclassed traditional farming in recent years as it can produce higher yields and healthier crops with fewer land and water resources. Aquaponics – growing fish and plants in a symbiotic closed-loop ecosystem – has many environmental and health benefits. To increase its commercial viability, aquaponics is integrated with various emerging technologies such as the Internet of things, automation, alternative resources, artificial intelligence, green technology, extended reality, and advanced materials. This chapter reviews technological advances and challenges in aquaponics systems. The advantages and disadvantages of such emerging and disruptive technologies are presented and discussed. Recommendations for future research and development are also proposed.