Exercise interventions addressing falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults: A scoping review

Falls efficacy refers to the perceived ability to prevent and manage falls. Exercise interventions could alter various fall-related self-efficacy, such as balance confidence, balance recovery confidence, safe landing confidence and fall recovery confidence, through various modes of influence, including enactive mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states. This scoping review identified that most exercise interventions were mainly focused on addressing balance confidence in indoor settings. More research is required on exercise interventions addressing other domains of falls efficacy, including balance recovery confidence, safe-landing confidence, and fall recovery confidence, and making self-efficacy modes of influence explicit.