<p dir="ltr">Falls efficacy and fear of falling (FOF) are key psychological constructs influencing mobility, independence, and quality of life among older adults. Although conceptually related, these constructs are distinct: falls efficacy is a cognitive construct referring to the perceived ability to prevent and manage falls while FOF relates to vigilance to threats and resultant emotional reponses. Recognising this nuance is essential for clinicians and researchers, who must be equipped to select appropriate measurement tools aligned with the targeted construct and to tailor interventions accordingly. This Research Topic presents five insightful studies that collectively deepen our understanding of falls efficacy and fear of falling, advancing our perspectives on their conceptualisation, measurement, and implications for clinical practice.</p>