Fragment-Energy Audio Watermarking Resilient to De-synchronization Attacks

<p dir="ltr">Within the domain of Industry 4.0, encompassing diverse sectors like the music industry, intellectual property violation poses a significant concern. Digital watermarking shows great promise as a technique to enforce intellectual property rights for audio signals. However, ensuring robustness against de-synchronization attacks remains a significant problem in audio watermarking. In this paper, we introduce a new and robust audio watermarking scheme that utilizes the time domain fragment energy relationship (TDFER) feature to resist both common and de-synchronization attacks. During the embedding process, the audio signal is first split into numerous segments, each of which will be subsequently further split into two fragments. Each watermark bit will be embedded into a pair of fragments by adjusting the energy relationship between the fragments. The specially designed adaptive modification window functions (AMWFs) are used to modify the audio signal smoothly without causing perceptible distortion at the fragment boundaries. In the decoding process, the embedded watermark will be retrieved by comparing the energies of the paired fragments in each segment. Theoretical analysis and empirical findings provide compelling evidence for the exceptional performance of our proposed scheme. In particular, under % time-scale modification (TSM), our proposed scheme achieves a bit error rate of 0 %, demonstrating its strong robustness in practical scenarios.</p>